Mulberry trees have been delighting gardeners with their tasty fruits for centuries. Native red mulberry trees have been enjoyed by people in North America for ages, with various indigenous tribes incorporating the fruit into their cuisines and even using other parts of the tree for practical purposes.
In the early 1800s, the white mulberry tree was introduced from China with the hope of establishing a silk industry in the United States. Although the silk venture failed, the mulberry trees thrived and continue to flourish to this day.
Characteristics of Mulberry Trees
Belonging to the Moraceae family, which also includes figs, jackfruit, and breadfruit, mulberry trees produce small, sweet fruits that resemble slender blackberries. These fruits are not only enjoyed by humans but also attract a variety of wildlife. While animals may indulge in the harvest, a well-sized tree should provide enough fruits for all to enjoy.
Mulberry trees can have male and female flowers on the same plant (monoecious) or on different plants (dioecious). If you opt for a dioecious variety, be sure to plant both a male and female tree to ensure fruit production. When purchasing trees, take note that there are ornamental mulberry tree varieties that don’t bear fruit, such as the weeping and contorted mulberry trees. Red, white, and black mulberry trees differ in size, with black mulberry trees being the smallest and a practical choice for home gardens.
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Red Mulberry (Morus rubra): This native, deciduous tree can be found in moist soils across South Florida to west Texas. Also known as the American Mulberry, it can grow up to 40 feet tall, with northern regions typically exhibiting taller growth. While the pollen from male trees can cause allergies, female trees pose little to no allergenic risk. Red mulberry trees produce reddish or black fruits that are considered of good quality. They grow relatively quickly and can provide shade and fruit shortly after planting.
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White Mulberry (Morus alba): Despite its name, the fruits of white mulberry trees can range in color from pink and black to purple and white. The name actually comes from the color of the flower buds rather than the fruits. Some describe these fruits as sweet but mildly insipid compared to red and black mulberries. White mulberry trees are large, reaching heights of up to 60 feet, and exhibit some salt and wind tolerance.
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Black Mulberry (Morus nigra): Native to western Asia and the Middle East, the black mulberry tree is highly regarded for producing top-quality black fruits. While popular in warmer and drier regions like California, black mulberry trees grown in Florida tend to be smaller and bushier. If you’re looking for a mulberry bush that fits the nursery rhyme, the black mulberry might be the perfect choice.
Planting and Care Tips
Mulberry trees are a great addition to many Florida landscapes due to their adaptability to infertile, sandy soils, their drought tolerance once established, and moderate wind resistance. These trees thrive in full sun to light shade, although native red mulberry trees are typically found growing in the shade of larger trees.
When selecting a planting location, keep in mind that fallen fruits can stain surfaces, so it’s best to avoid planting over driveways, sidewalks, and patios. You can also minimize the mess factor by choosing a cultivar with lighter-colored fruits, such as ‘Tehama’ or ‘King White Pakistan’.
Mulberry trees require minimal maintenance, rarely needing irrigation after establishment and seldom requiring fertilization. Pruning should be limited to light pruning when trees are young to establish a strong branch framework. With mature trees, prune only to remove dead or damaged wood and crossing limbs, as major branch removal wounds take time to heal. While pruning, be cautious of the milky sap produced by mulberry trees, as it can cause skin rashes in some individuals.
So why not bring a bit of history and deliciousness to your garden with a mulberry tree? Whether you choose the vibrant red, the versatile white, or the rich black variety, these trees will not disappoint. Enjoy the shade they provide and indulge in their sweet fruits. Happy gardening!
