Phoenix may not be the first city that comes to mind when thinking of trees, but this bustling metropolitan area of 5 million people is home to a surprising number of flourishing trees. With careful consideration and planning, you can create a shady oasis right in your Phoenix backyard, providing respite from the scorching summer sun. And in a city that boasts more annual sunshine than any other major city on earth, this is a valuable asset.
Choosing the Right Trees
Opting for native trees is essential, as they are better adapted to the climate and require less water. In a city like Phoenix, where the average annual rainfall is less than seven inches and declining due to urban sprawl, this becomes even more crucial. Michael Chamberland, an urban horticulture specialist with the University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, recommends planting water-efficient native trees.
Palo Verde
Let’s start with the official state tree of Arizona, the Palo Verde. These trees bloom with beautiful golden flowers, require minimal water once mature, and can reach heights of 30 feet while living for up to 100 years. Not only are Palo Verde trees visually appealing and native to the region, but they also don’t cause allergies, making them an ideal choice for landscaping.
According to Chamberland, “These are excellent shade trees because they have a native appearance that blends seamlessly with the desert landscape. They are incredibly resilient once established.”
Velvet Mesquite
Another mesquite variety that thrives in Phoenix is the Velvet Mesquite. This tree can withstand intense heat and adapts easily to various soil conditions. Many Arizonans use this tree in xeriscaping. Its smaller cousin, the Screwbean Mesquite, is also a fantastic option.
Chamberland points out that both the Palo Verde and Velvet Mesquite have some disadvantages. “They have low branching structures, requiring regular pruning to elevate them. Additionally, they shed leaves and seed pods.”
Desert Willow
Despite its name, the Desert Willow is not related to willow trees. This tree belongs to the trumpet vine family and can be a showstopper in your yard with its vibrant, deciduous flowers that attract bees and hummingbirds.
Chamberland highlights that the Desert Willow has a more upright growth pattern, which means you won’t need to do as much pruning of lower branches as you would for mesquites.
Acacia
Cat Claw and Whitethorn Acacias offer fuzzy yellow blossoms that are popular with bees and butterflies. As their names suggest, they also possess thorny branches. Chamberland clarifies, “These are primarily shrubs, but they can be grown into small native trees. However, they take longer to reach their full size.”
While these trees do not create deep shade, they provide filtered light, making them suitable companions for growing aloe and cacti underneath.
Adapted Non-Native Options
For non-native trees that have proven to thrive in the Phoenix climate, Chamberland suggests several choices:
Southern Live Oak
Chamberland describes this tree as one of the best choices for growth. “It may take time to mature, but it offers deep and extensive shade.”
Evergreen Oak
This Mediterranean native is a low-maintenance tree that loves full sun and produces an abundance of leaves.
Chinese Pistache
If you prefer an Eastern aesthetic, the Chinese Pistache is an excellent option. Chamberland notes that it still holds up well in the Phoenix climate.
Red Push Hybrid
This relative of the Chinese Pistache surprisingly thrives in Phoenix. Its summer foliage is a deep green, transitioning to shades of red and orange during the fall.
Planting the Right Way
When planting trees in Phoenix, patience is just as important as water, soil, and nutrients. Chamberland advises against prioritizing fast-growing trees, as they often outgrow their allotted space.
Although desert-friendly trees require less water, it is crucial to provide ample hydration during the early stages. Chamberland emphasizes, “When you plant a new tree, you need to water it generously for the first few weeks and months. Once it’s established, usually after a couple of years, it will take care of itself.”
According to Chamberland, the best time to plant trees in Phoenix is during the fall, with the second-best option being spring. Avoid planting during the scorching summer months. To maximize shade during the desert summers, he suggests planting trees on the west side of your home, with the east side being the next best location. Trees on the south side won’t provide sufficient shade during the hottest months of the year.
Main image credit: Blue palo verde moon, Katja Schulz, CC 2.0.
